Article by Brendon Ambrose (Associate, Commercial IP) – Spoor & Fisher
It is now possible for a South African company to create a so-called ‘loop structure’ in order to raise capital overseas. A loop structure is where a South African resident forms an offshore company, which will in turn reinvest into South Africa by acquiring shares or some other interest in a South African company or asset. Up until recently this sort of structure contravened regulation 10(1)(c) of the Exchange Control Regulations, 1961.
In a recent circular, The Financial Surveillance Department of the South African Reserve Bank advised that local unlisted technology, media, telecommunications, exploration, and other research and development companies may now establish companies offshore without prior Reserve Bank approval.
The circular amends the Currency and Exchanges Manual for Authorised Dealers (AD Manual). Previously, the AD Manual required companies to apply for approval from the Reserve Bank to list offshore in order to raise loans and capital.
The first new section of the AD Manual makes up the first half of the loop. It allows certain types of South African companies to establish an offshore company to raise funding from foreign investors.
Establishing such an offshore company, however, is subject to four conditions:
- These companies have to register with the Financial Surveillance Departments.
- The offshore company must be a tax resident in South Africa.
- Full details of the percentage shareholding in the offshore company (including the group structure) must be provided.
- An annual report must be submitted to the Financial Surveillance Departments on the operations, including details of funds raised offshore.
This subsection, while providing that South African companies may now establish an offshore company to raise funding, places a high burden of disclosure on the offshore company. A certain degree of disclosure should always be required in these situations. That said, disclosure of the details of the group structure and the requirement to submit an annual report creates an administrative burden on South African companies. These administrative requirements are certainly not deal-breakers but must be borne in mind when considering a loop structure as a capital raising mechanism.
The second new section completes the loop, as it allows the foreign company to, in turn, hold investments and or make loans into South Africa.
The allowance of loop structures is important for South African start-ups looking to raise capital from foreign investors. However, the investor, in order to mitigate its risks, may only be willing to invest funds in a company registered in the investor’s own country.
For example, a South African start-up has received substantial interest from a Moldavian venture capitalist who wishes to provide the start-up with capital to get the South African company off the ground. However, this Moldavian VC may require that a Moldavian company is registered and that funds will only be remitted to that company in exchange for equity in the Moldavian company. Previously, the South African start-up had a major issue in getting the money provided by the Moldavian VC back to the controlling South African company. A loop structure makes the remittance of the capital back to the South African company substantially simpler, as the Moldavian company can now purchase shares in the South African company.
Hold on to your hats folks because there is more! Assume that a South African start-up has created a cracker of an idea, and in order to obtain funding the foreign investor would require some form of control over the intellectual property (such as a local patents, registered designs, trade marks, or copyrights). This may now be structured in a rather interesting way. The South African company can set up an offshore company (first half of the loop) where the foreign investors will purchase equity. This offshore company will, in turn, purchase shares in the South African company (second half of the loop). The key here is the control: the foreign investors are happy as they now have equity in the South African company allowing them to exercise some level of control over the South African company’s IP. Previously, there was no way for the foreign investors to gain this control by equity unless they were willing to purchase shares in the South African company directly.
This is a huge step forward in opening up South Africa to foreign investment and such loop structures should be considered quite seriously by South African start-ups.
Spoor & Fisher are proud partners of the National Small Business Chamber (NSBC).